Abstract:
The article is aimed at analyzing the key factors that lead to economic conflicts between countries. The
article considers three main elements that cause trade wars: protectionism, imbalance in trade and economic
sanctions. The focus is on the overall impact of these factors on the global economy and international trade
relations. Protectionism is considered as a strategy of the state aimed at protecting the domestic market
from foreign competition by introducing various restrictive measures, such as duties, quotas and subsidies.
These measures help to support national producers, but at the same time can create tension in relations
with trading partners who face obstacles to their exports. The article analyzes how imbalances can cause
economic tension and lead to the introduction of trade restrictions by states that are trying to reduce their
deficit or surplus in trade. It highlights how this factor affects world markets and the overall stability of
international trade. Economic sanctions, as an instrument of foreign policy and economic influence, are
also a key topic of the article. Sanctions are used by states to pressure other countries to achieve certain
political or economic goals. The opinion is emphasized that trade conflicts can lead to an increase in the
risks of global supply chains, an increase in prices for goods, a reduction in investment and an aggravation
of international relations. Such wars can have unpredictable consequences, affecting not only the immediate
participants in the conflict, but also third countries dependent on international trade. As a conclusion, despite
the fact that protectionism, sanctions and measures to correct the trade imbalance are often used as tools to
protect national interests, their use can lead to destabilization of the global economy. The relevance of this
topic is due to the growing number of trade conflicts in the modern world, which undermine the stability of
the global economy and complicate international cooperation.
